College of Horticulture and Forestry Central Agricultural University Pasighat-791102
Arunachal Pradesh
2008
 

 

 
Khasi Mandarin orange - Citrus reticulata

SELECTION OF SITE FOR ORCHARDS

• Exposure to sufficient sunlight.
• Steep slopes, shallow, gravely and heavy soils avoided.

CLIMATE

• Sub-tropical to semi-temperate climate.
• High humidity and warm summer and mild winter climate.

Soil: PH 5.5 to 6.5, well drained, medium deep soil.

PROPAGATION Seeds 

• Seeds from healthy, high yielding, disease and pest free plants will be selected.
• Seeds shown in nursery immediately after extraction (within a week).
• Seeds shown in nursery into a  depth of 1.5-2 cm with a spacing of 10X5 cm.
• Seedlings  at  4-6  leaf stage shifted  to  secondary  bed or  polythene  bags  having equal part of soil, sand and Farm Yard Manure (FYM).
• Seedlings  are  ready  for  planting  in  main  field  or  for  grafting  and  budding  after  12-18 months.
• Selected  seedling  for  planting  should  be  strong,  healthy  and  free  from  pest  and diseases of uniform growth and about 60-90 cm in height.

Budding: February - March or July- August.

Root stock: Rough lemon

• ”T‘ shape cut in the root stock at 15-20 cm above the ground level.
• Two flaps of the bark are loosened with the help of bare blade of budding knife.
• A  shield  shaped  patch  of  2.5  cm  length  bark  containing  a  bud  is  removed  from mother plant.
• The  bud  is  inserted  into  the  ”T‘  cut  on  the  root  stock  and  tied  with  400  gauge polythene strip or hessian cloth leaving the bud open.

PLANTING
Time of Planting: June- August 

Spacing: 5 X  5 m

Pit size: 0.75 x 0.75 x 0.75 m

Filling of pit

• Upper  10  cm  soil,  15-20  kg  Farm  Yard  Manure  (FYM),  100  g  Urea,  100  g  MOP,300   SSP, 100 g chloropyriphos dust or granule.
• Bud graft union kept 15 cm above the ground level.
• The  root  system  of  plant  should  be  dipped  in  Ridomil  MZ-72  @  2.75  g/liter  + Bavistin 1g/litre solution for 10-15 minutes before planting in pits.
• Filled about 10 cm above the ground level.

INTERCROPPING

• French bean, rice bean and other vegetable crops may be cultivated during pre- bearing stage (1-5 yrs).

• During  2nd  year  onwards  5  kg  FYM/  tree  need  to  be  applied  and  subsequent  year  5  g FYM/year to be increased and for 6th  year onward 25 kg/tree applied.
• Need based application of macro and micro nutrients to be done based on soil sample testing or based on recommendation of experts.

PRUNING

• During the first year,  all  the branches  growing  within  a  50  centimeter  from  the ground  level  and  removed,  leaving  about  half  a  meter  of  clean, straight  stem  with a few (4-6) well placed branches.
• All undesirable  branches  like  water  sprouts  should  be  pruned  once  in  a  month during the first year and once in two or three months subsequently.
• In bearing trees, water shoots, dried and diseased branches should be pruned once or twice a year.
• Pruning of non-bearing trees can be done at any time, but for bearing trees  pruning may be done immediately after harvest.

IRRIGATION: December to March, 15-20 days intervals.

FRUIT DROP

• Sprayingof2,4-D@1g/100liters of water of button stage and 2g/100 liters ofwater just before harvest or Plano fix @ 1ml/5 liters of water in the month ofMarch-April and August-September.

PEST MANAGEMENT CITRUS TRUNK BORER ( Anoplophora versteegi)

Symptoms

• Accumulation of coarse saw dust in branches/tree base.
• Round holes on the trunk.

 

Management

• Collection and destruction of adult during April-July.
• Endosulfan/or monocrotophos + lime +water (1:10:100) or
• 3ml of Monocrotophos in 1 lit of enamel paint smeared on trunk upto 1m height during April œ June at two times.
• Spraying neem formulation (4ml/litre of water or endosulfan (0.70 %) or monocrotophos (0.05 %) or quinalphos (0.05%), 3 times during April to July.
• Stem injection @ 10 ml/hole with monocrotophos (0.07 %) or dichlorvos (0.05 %) at the bore holes during May to October and after injection the holes should be plugged with mud.
• Encouragement for existence of predatory ants.
• Clean the bored hole of the infested plant with iron wire and insert a cotton swab soaked in petrol or dichlorvos.

FRUIT SUCKING MOTH (Othresis fullonica)

Symptoms

• Puncturing of fruits
• Puncture area become soft, musty and has a penetrating odour.
• Premature falling of damaged fruits.

Management

• Smoking of orchard (half an hour before dust to 2-3 hour duration).
• Spraying of neem formulations (@4ml/litres of water) Or 2% fish oil resin soap applied just before ripening.
• Regular collection of damaged fruits and buried deeply.
• Trapping and killing moths with poison bait (1kg sugar + 50 mldichlorvos in 10 litres of water.
• 20-30 contains of poison bait should be hang in one hectare area.

CITRUS LEAF MINER(Phyllocnisttis citrella)

Symptoms

• Larvae mines on tender leaves, feeds epidermis and creates. zigzag galleries, leaves turn pale, curl and dried off.

 

 

 

Management

• Pruning and burning of the affected parts during winter.
• Spraying neem seed extract @ 2%.
• Spraying monocrotophos 0.05% or fenvalerate 0.01%.

APHIDS(Toxoptera aurantii)

Symptoms

• Infesting lower surface of tender leaves, shoots, and young fruits.
• Infested foliage gets curled up and fruit drops prematurely.

 

 

 

Management

• Spraying Neem oil or Neem seed extract @ 2%.

DISEASES MANAGEMENT

CITRUS CANKER (Xanthomonas compestris pv citri).
Symptoms

• Cankerous yellow colour spots appears on seedling, leaves and fruits.

Management

• Spraying with Bordeaux mixture 1%, streptomycin sulphate 500-1000 ppm at 15 ays interval.

SOOTY MOULD (Capnodium sp.)

Symptom

• A sooty black coating develops on leaves and twigs and fruits.

 

 

For More Details e-Arik (e-Agriculture) ICTs for Agricultural Extension Village Knowledge Centre Yagrung Village Pasighat, East Siang District Phone No.:2282323www.earik.in

Acknowledgement: This publication is prepared with the support from the Technology Information Facilitation Programme (TIFP), Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Grant No.: DSIR/TIF086/2007; Dated March, 2007.